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The correct answer highlights the significance of Marlborough's geographical features, particularly the protection provided by mountains from westerly winds. This characteristic is crucial for several reasons, particularly in relation to viticulture. The mountain ranges, such as the Southern Alps, act as a barrier that shields the Marlborough wine region from the harsh, wet weather patterns that often affect other areas of New Zealand.

This protection allows for a more stable and favorable growing climate, which is essential for producing high-quality wines. The moderation of temperatures and the reduction of rainfall lead to a better ripening of grapes, which contributes to the distinctive flavors and characteristics found in Marlborough wines, especially Sauvignon Blanc.

In contrast, high rainfall throughout the year can lead to challenges in grape growing and affect the quality and health of the vines. The presence of hot springs is not a notable feature of Marlborough's geography and does not have a significant impact on its viticultural reputation. Lastly, while low elevation areas might have some advantages in certain contexts, Marlborough's elevation varies and is not a defining characteristic when considering its effect on wind patterns and grape growing conditions.