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Vin Santo DOC primarily relies on Trebbiano and Malvasia grapes due to their specific attributes that suit the style of this traditional Italian dessert wine. Trebbiano, known for its high acidity and ability to retain freshness, contributes to the crispness and longevity of the wine. Malvasia, on the other hand, adds richness and aromatic complexity with its fruity and floral notes, enhancing the overall profile of Vin Santo. This combination results in a wine that is often sweet, richly flavored, and well-balanced, typically produced through a unique method of drying the grapes before fermentation, known as appassimento.

In contrast, the other grape varieties mentioned are not typically associated with Vin Santo. Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc are more commonly found in other wine styles, including white blends and sparkling wines. Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot are primarily used in the production of red wines, notably from Bordeaux and similar regions. Riesling and Gewürztraminer are varieties associated with aromatic white wines, particularly from Germany and Alsace, which do not align with the traditional Vin Santo profile.