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Central Otago is known for its unique terroir, and the predominant soil type in this region is alluvial soils. These soils are formed from the sediments deposited by rivers and streams, which are particularly common in areas with significant water flow. Alluvial soils are typically well-draining and fertile, making them ideal for viticulture.

In Central Otago, the alluvial soils contribute to the region's ability to produce high-quality wines, particularly Pinot Noir. The combination of alluvial deposits and the region's climate creates a distinctive environment that influences grape growing and wine characteristics. This geologic composition allows for good drainage, which is crucial in preventing waterlogged vine roots and promotes healthy vine growth.

While clay, sandy, and volcanic soils can be present in certain areas, they do not dominate the landscape of Central Otago to the same extent. Thus, alluvial soils are the correct answer, as they play a significant role in the viticultural success of the region, allowing growers to craft expressive wines that reflect the unique attributes of Central Otago's geography.